PC hardware and programming
Page Contents
- Programming (C, C++, VC++, Java,
JScript, VB,
VBA etc etc)
- On-line learning (free!)
- PC hardware
- Overclocking
- PC Software (commercial but comes recommended as
good value)
- PC hardware vendors
- Programming, PC support services and training
providers
- CD-ROMs and writers
- PC memory and 32 bit
- Back to Useful Internet Links Page
-
- Numerical Recipes The books and software are available in a variety of computer languages,
such as C++, C, and Fortran, and provide routines and recipes, along with explanations and "tricks and tips for scientific computing." Visitors can
download the whole C (or Fortran) book for free
-
Vlasishost.com | Free Php Software
HTML History, PHP History, PHP Programming, PHP Basics, HTML Code
- A programming community with a generous collection of resources and links for programmers and web masters, where like minded people can meet, share ideas and hopefully help each other. Quick to download, graphically pleasant and accessible
- Borland Developer Network (or follow
link from the Borland home page) a museum, memorabilia and antique software -- for free (e.g. Turbo Pascal v1.0)
- Python Programming Language Python is often compared to Tcl, Perl, Scheme or Java and runs on many
brands of UNIX, on Windows, OS/2, Mac, Amiga, and many other platforms. The most recent version of Python is available for free from this
website. Also LiveWires: Children's Lesson in Python
and for High School Students
- The Brighton University Resource Kit for Students
is an archive with "compilers, tutorials and reference manuals for dozens of different
programming languages, a dictionary of computing with over 13,000
entries. The collection is distributed on CD and DVD, but fortunately has
also been made available online
- Speex: A Free Codec for Free Speech aims to lower the barrier of entry for voice applications by
providing a free alternative to expensive proprietary speech codecs
- BlueJ - The Interactive Java Environment
a free "integrated Java environment.- an interactive environment that supports experimentation and visualization, and although it
would not be used for extensive application development, it serves as an excellent teaching tool.
- C++ In Action "Transcending the bare-bones essentials of the programming
language and expanding into the techniques that make an effective code
writer"
- Intel C++ Compiler 7.1 for Linux
[pdf] a free C++ compiler for non-commercial uses. Qualifying users can download the compiler directly
from the Intel Web site. A "Getting Started Guide" and a product tutorialare also provided, which instruct users about the basics of using the C++
and other Intel compilers.
- An Introduction to Programming Languages describes some of the
differences between common programming languages and considers why and how a
new language should be learnt. Furthermore, it provides a set of classifications that can easily be used to identify which language is the
most appropriate for the programmer's needs. In this respect, the material defines such concepts as threads, data structures, and object oriented
programming
- Mocha Programming Language Build 204 [397k] W9x/2k/XP FREE
{Programming language} Mocha is a new programming language for applications distributed on a small scale. You can make simple
applications. Features include "if" statements, nested functions, forms, and over 100 functions. To run Mocha, you'll need the
Visual Basic 6.0 runtime file
, (msvbvm60.dll), the Microsoft Common Dialog
Control (the former two files download as soon as you click on the link), and
VBSmart.com's XP menus and buttons
controls (only for versions below 193). For the actual Mocha applications, you only need msvbvm60.dll. Run MochaDE.exe after
extracting and OCX/DLL registration
- #Develop v0.92
[3.2M] W9x/2k FREE {Program .net style} an open source development
environment for creating C# and VB.net projects. This application feels just
like you are coding in Visual Studio and it even has syntax
highlighting. With #Develop, you can even write ASP.NET, ADO.NET, XML, Java,
and HTML code. On top of all of this, the program includes a forms designer
and support for several different spoken languages.
- jclassinfo v0.10 [33k] W9x/2k/XP FREE
reads Java .class files and provides information about the class and dependencies. It is pure C
implementation and does not depend on any external libraries except for the standard C library for your platform. Information
includes VM requirements, inheritance, packages required, fields and method signatures, and class
attributes
- The Stony Brook Algorithm Repository
A collection of algorithm implementations for over seventy of the most fundamental problems
in combinatorial algorithms. Implemented in a variety of programming languages, from C++ to
FORTRAN
- Alice Alice is a free
"3D interactive graphics programming environment". The
Windows-based authoring tool includes a program that allows the user to
create 3D models. Alice is then used to paint the objects, which can be
included in Web sites and viewed by anyone with the free browser plug-in
- The Developer's Gallery:
Programming Many resources about OpenGL and related technologies
and an online book titled "A 3D Case Study using OpenGL." Many
other tutorials and coding examples as well as information about two OpenGL
toolkits and OpenAL, a complementary application programming interface used
to create 3D sound.
- SetupStream v2.02
[2.6M] W9x/2k/XP FREE {Create a setup wizard} do things such as make
modifications to the Windows Registry, define a separate destination
directory for each file, create shortcuts, and even display a license
agreement that the user has to accept in order to proceed. It can place an
uninstall wizard in the Add/Remove programs area
- http://www.devguru.com resource site
on programming ASP,CSS2, HTML, JavaScript, VBScript, WML,WSH etc
- Squeak v3.2 [9.6M] W9x/2k/XP FREE
{Smalltalk-80 implementation} write platform independent code
usable in Windows, Mac, Unix, and other operating systems. Support for audio
and even network access.
- Nuzzly v3.0.0 [2.5M]
W9x/2k/XP FREE {Share source files} With an Explorer-like window, you can
browse the shared directories of other programmers, or do a search (if you
know specifically what you are looking for)
- C# Computing 21 NET tutorials;
concepts covered include recursion, exceptions, and numerical methods and
touch on HTML and XML
- WEBster: The Place on the Net to
Learn Assembly Language Programming [.pdf, .zip, .tar, .gz] online books,
titled The Art of Assembly Language for each platform and High Level
Assembler no cosy download
- EZ JavaScript
v1.1 [269k] W9x/2k/XP FREE {Create JavaScripts} contains 50+ JavaScripts
as well as a script wizard that lets you configure the included
scripts. The JavaScripts range from a fireworks background to a logo
that follows your mouse
- Data-Compression.com [.pdf]
discusses "the principles and practice of data compression," and
examines common techniques for different types of information. Huffman
coding and the Blahut algorithm. JPEG, one of the most popular image
compression formats, is demonstrated
- Code Genie v3.0 [546k] W9x/2k/XP
FREE {Edit code} with syntax highlighting for HTML, Perl, PHP,
Java, JavaScript, VBScript, C++, CSS, Pascal, and Asm files it will also
edit binary files
- The XML Industry Portal XML
information for curious beginners or advanced users - frequently asked
questions lists, tutorials, and articles to get started.Specifications and
schemas that are specific to a particular industry
- Some further useful
XML links can be found in the content library of the meetingtomorrow
web site
- XML tutorials to
help users learn and program in XML plus programming exercises and
background information
- Free Electronic Book: Thinking in
Java, 2nd Edition [zip] provides a thorough introduction to the Java programming language. Spanning sixteen chapters
plus appendices, Thinking in Java should be sufficient for all but the most advanced or obscure topics. The book covers the basics of objects, coding
style, error handling, the Java input/output system, creating graphical user
interfaces, and much more. The full text can be downloaded as a compressed file with additional source code to be used as examples and experimented
with. Other electronic books written by the same author are also available on this site and cover C++, Python, and more.
- Free Computer &
Internet Online Books links to over 800 online editions of books
related to computers programming and the Internet. The online versions are
generally identical to the printed versions; however, some originally came
with a CD-ROM that cannot be electronically distributed
- Java.sun.com: New to Java Programming Center [pdf] offers
a large collection of articles and tutorials on the Java programming
language
- The Java
Tutorial: A Practical Guide for Programmers [.zip, .tar.gz], covers all
the basics needed to start programming. Some of the general subjects
discussed on the site include writing applets, 2D graphics, security, and
custom networking. Each of the main sections has several lessons that
describe
specific topics. The first few are probably essential for every Java
beginner, but the specialized sections can be selected based on whatever
particular task is required by the user. There are many examples of code
that illustrate the important points. All of the material covered in the
online tutorial can also be downloaded for viewing at home.
-
Java Programming Tutorials
also tutorials on C#, XML, Python, and JavaScript are available. Free to view online, but a fee is required to download them for offline
viewing
-
ResThief will examine every
executable dropped on its window and extract all the resources (bitmaps,
icons, AVI's, sounds, text - anything a programmer care to stuff into a
program) and save them as separate files.
- Operations
Research: Java Objects OR-Objects 1.2.4 is the latest version of a very
useful, free package "of 500 Java classes for developing Operations
Research, Scientific and Engineering applications." Each class contains
algorithms and data structures that are frequently needed by Java
programmers, and they can be reused whenever a particular function is
required. Instead of spending extra time implementing these, the programmer
can simply include the necessary. The classes are grouped into several
categories, which include graphing, geometry, probability, statistics, and
matrices.
- Windows 9x / ME VBScript Tools
is handy for File, Drive, and Registry maintenance in Windows. Includes
loads of useful scripts.
- Cavaj Java Decompiler
V1.11 [1.0M]
W9x/2k/XP FREE reconstructs jJava source code from CLASS files. You can
browse the reconstructed source code with the Class View for instant access
to methods and fields
- The Code Project is an
online repository of free tutorials, source code, and articles about a wide
variety of programming languages. Sections devoted to
C++, HTML, DirectX, and .NET are among the resources available on the site.
Discussion forums and message boards are also provided
- Binary Calculator [28k]
W9x/2k/XP FREE a simple RPN-style calculator designed for programmers. It
lets you manipulate numbers in a variety of
formats and do binary operations on them that few other calculators allow.
Directly turn bits on and off just by clicking them. HEX OCT CHAR
also.
- Cprogramming.com:
Your Resource for C/C++ includes Programming Tutorials covering regular
and graphics programming, discussions about the standard template
library, and various programming articles
- jRoundup has Java resources for
everyone, Java applets and utilities, many tutorials and guides, discussion
forums
- FindTutorials
FindTutorials offers hundreds of tutorials and professional online IT and
Softskills training courses
- Netscape's
DevEdge site serves up lots of online web programming references
including the Javascript Guide
- Matt's
Script Archive is a veritable cornucopia of website addons to help you
enable search, chat, guest books, forms, counters and more.
- XVI32
Hex Editor v2.21 [408k]
W9x/NT FREE A hex viewer and editor for those who miss the old Norton
Utilities disk editor
- Cheap IT books
(often those on just superseded products)
- WatCom's
multiplataform Fortran and "C" compilers! are now available for
free download or make a voluntary donation
- ITpapers more
than 23,000 white papers and other documents related to information
technology
- DevX Source
Code Library users can download source code, algorithms, and sample
applications
- Allaire Enable your web applications with Java Server Pages - Allaire JRun
- Introduction for those new
to JavaScript for users with some basic familiarity with programming
languages who want to learn more about JavaScript
- WDVL Authoring JavaScript
- JDEX -- Java Development Environment using Windows Explorer
- CREdit
is a FREE programmers file editor. In many way's it's superior
to PFE
- Resource Explorer
v1.0 [289k] W9x/NT/2k FREE{View EXE file components} Copy text and
images from internal dialogs
- Dependency
Walker v2.0b5 [409k] W9x/NT FREE scans any 32-bit or
64-bit Windows module (exe, dll, ocx, sys, etc.) and
builds a hierarchical tree diagram of all dependent
modules
- PrcView for Windows (free
W98/2k)displays the executable, the number of threads in use, also give
you a list of DLLs currently in use etc. etc.
- RTF2HLP
v1.0 [287k] W9x/NT/2k
FREE directly converts a Microsoft Word RTF document to a HLP file. uses
standard Word fields to store special information (links, bookmarks,
graphics, etc.).
- WinDowse v4.2 [200k]
W9x/2k/XP FREE shows all the information about any program, window, or other
component (name, function, icon, small icon, cursor, module handle, style,
etc.
- WinDowse
v1.1 [200k] W9x/NT FREE Do you want to know what
processes sit inside a program?
- InspectExe v2.6.1
[256k] W9x/NT/2k FREE {Explore and diagnose executables}displays all
import and export functions of an EXE file, exported symbols from library
files, its Win32 sections, the resources contained within it, and all
resource strings. Also whether the module can be loaded without executing
- Steve Heller's Home
Page (Author of "Who's Afraid of C++)
- Dia
v0.86 [1.8M] W9x/NT/2k FREE "Dia is designed to be much
like the commercial Windows program 'Visio.' It currently has
special objects to help draw entity relationship diagrams, UML
diagrams, flowcharts, network diagrams, and simple circuits. It
can load and save diagrams to a custom XML format (gzipped by
default, to save space), can export diagrams to EPS or SVG formats
and can print diagrams (including ones that span multiple pages).
- Programming
Mania -- "Programming Mania is the
prime place to find all your Programming
Needs
- The
Essential Unix / Linux Reference the most used (and useful)
Unix / Linux commands
- A Programmers Heaven
impressive and well-organized resource should appeal to any
programmer, with over 9500 downloadable files and some 2600
related links. The files are organized in twenty zones, including
Basic, Web Development, Delphi, Java, and LINUX, among others
- Whatis, a
large online encyclopedia of information
technology (link to file formats data base)
- ActivePerl
(free) used to write CGI scripts for
interactive Websites
- Inprise/Borland launch free
C++ compiler The Borland
C++ 5.5 Compiler is the high performance
foundation and core technology of Inprise/Borland’s
C++Builder product line.
- JavaPowered.com
This site has a few Java tutorials and links to related
resources, but its collection of downloadable Java
applets is pretty substantial. Get some for your web
pages!
- Javascript
Editor v1.12 [200k] W9x FREE
- 'Thinking
in Java' Electronic Book
- VBATutor
[Visual Basic for Applications] lessons and
exercises are provided 'as is' to help those
interested in learning how to use VBA
- Whose
afraid of C++ Steve Heller's book updates
- Fusion
- QuestionExchange - hot site for software help
- S-Lang Library Information Page
- MontaVista Software - Powering the Embedded Revolution
-
Pocket PC stuff
-
Freeware for Pocket PC from Handango
and PCW also check out
Lockergnome
-
- Learn to TCPIP.com for people with an interest in fundamental network
operations. Provides audio presentations with accompanying lecture slides about Internet protocols, Network
Access Points, and the connectivity of the Internet as a whole. Another
slide presentation describes the Domain Naming System. A series of lectures delves deeper into specific protocols,
Ethernet, and network communication, subnetting and IP addressing.
- Classroom Resources, a free collection of zipped PowerPoint
presentations from Bob Rankin cover topics including guidelines for
using Google, good Web page design, maintaining your PC or Mac
-
Tutorial Finder - Search a tutorial database of
thousands upon thousands of Programming, graphics, and 3D modeling links.
- Programming
Tutorials - This website has over 20 programming languages listed
and endless links to tutorial sites.
- DevEdge Tech Central
devoted to Web standards and technologies like Cascading Style Sheets
(CSS), the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), JavaScript, and more. Each section
features educational articles written by expert developers that focus on a
particular coding practice or authoring strategy. Users who want additional
information or general tutorials can follow one of the many links given in
the sidebars.
- Introduction to Programming Using Java an introductory
programming course and for people who are trying to learn programming on
their own." The free resource uses Java as a basis for discussing principles
of data types, subroutines, and other program characteristics that are
similarly handled in most common programming languages. Additionally, many
topics that are specific to the Java platform are addressed, and the author
has developed a number of Java applets that demonstrate underlying concepts.
- The Site for People Learning Perl [pdf]
has full text of four books on Perl as well as sample chapters of four additional books. The main page of the site
has a link to an external introduction to the Perl language
- Cplusplus: The C++ Resources Network
[zip] People who are learning the basics of C++, or more seasoned programmers who
just need a refresher, can find a great deal of useful information on this
Web site. An easy-to-follow tutorial, complete with detailed examples and
clear explanations, is one of the best resources on the site. Several other
valuable features include descriptions of individual instructions that are
included in standard C++ header files, free source code, and more.
- Visual Basic
Introduction three lessons that help readers become acquainted with the development environment and start creating
applications
- Pointers in C and
C++ comprehensive discussion highlights proper uses of pointers in C and C++, as well as noting the
differences in pointer representation between the two languages. Also tutorials on references and objects, array representation, and
input/output tips
- Linux/UNIX Tutorial Site the basics of logging in and browsing the directory
structure as well as more advanced concepts such as networking utilities and
system administration
- Computer Aided
Instruction Project Several tutorials and lecture notes
about different programming languages and mathematics. Programming
guides for Java and QuickBasic are provided, as well as tutorials on
vector mathematics and finite-state automata
- Computer
Science Student Resource Site refreshers, how-tos, and research
guides
- Atrevida:
Game Programming Tutorials A modest background in the C
language is suggested, but many of the sections involve more theory
than actual programming. There are nearly twenty topics that explain
basic computer operation, graphics programming, and the 80x86
assembler
- A practical guide to Active Server Pages
- Manas Tungare offers a very helpful guide to download free in pdf
format and his site contains many resources including ready made ASP
scripts
- Cisco
Training Events for members of the IEE and IIE - with a networks
and Internet comms bias
- Information Technology
Fundamentals offers several instructional modules free for public
use. These modules are intended for people that are going into an IT
related field. Topics include networking, peripheral devices,
motherboards, storage media, and more.
- SQL Interpreter and Tutorial with
Live Practice Database. People who have never heard of SQL can
learn the basics, or more advanced users can refresh their memories.
The essential commands and functions are introduced in a very
straightforward manner. The focus is on tables: creating them, adding
records to them, and deleting records from them. Once the user feels
comfortable with this material, a link to the tutorial's sequel is
given, which goes into intermediate and advanced topics in somewhat
greater detail.
- C and C++ tutorials
- Microsoft
Academic Cooperative only Microsoft tools are covered. The
curriculum section offers tutorials, sample projects and case
studies for lessons in Windows, C++, J++, InterDev, Visual Basic,
Microsoft Office, Windows CE Toolkits, and SQL Server 7.0. These are
downloadable in various formats (.doc, .pdf, .zip), and some of them
link to free "online seminars" from Microsoft.
- NIST Internet Time Servers used by the NIST Internet Time Service (ITS). The table lists each server's name, IP address, and location
- can be used to synchronise compatible ADSL routers such as the
Draytek Vigour
- CD Freaks - The worlds
largest on-line CD/DVD community
- NetworkTroubleshooting.com [pdf]
has a variety of resources to help network administrators diagnose problems with their systems. Some
of the site is only accessible to paying users
- Manufacturing Computer Solutions
-news, articles, thousands of IT products and services for
UK manufacturing.
- A kind of on-line old
computer museum run by three French enthusiasts - they hope
one day to create a real computer museum and in the meantime they
are busy collecting interesting hardware, software and books about
unusual computers - not IBM clones
- Mike's Hardware
find information about future computer components and software.
Often-updated roadmap of the commercial computing industry.
Tentative release dates and specifications
- An impressive website
having a whole mass of the information needed for BIOS
identification, flashing etc.
- Overclockers Club
Hardcore hardware reviews, download some tweaking tools and beta
drivers, read tech news
- For all you need to know about Ethernet see Charels
Spurgeon's site
- Refill FAQ {Printer
cartridge help}walk you through the basics of refilling while
addressing problems associated with this "money saving"
technique
- Hardware Analysis
feature reviews of all the latest gadgets, as well as interviews
and links to news stories about what's happening in the world of
hardware
- BiCpu v1.3
[226k] 2k FREE Shows the CPU Usage for mono and dual motherboard
PCs
- PCForrest's Web
Site Includes: "Quick Fixes, a Windows FAQ, Desktop
Tweaks: IE, Startup & Shutdown, Bootlog Failures, Boot
Splashes etcetc
- Motherboard
Homeworld one of the most comprehensive online resources for
motherboards allows searches by 20 specifications, side-by-side
- Setting
up DMA on HDDs and CDRs from Fred Langas list
- Modem Help
{Resource center for modem users}
- PC lube and tune PC
hardware and software tutorials
- PCLT Exit Ramp
- Yahoo! UK & Ireland
- Yahoo! UK & Ireland
- Computers and Internet
- CPU SITE Future
technology processors
- Micro Computer Mart
- Insight UK
- Computer Stuff
- PC
Webopaedia
- Intel
Motherboard & BIOS Specs Page
- Mark Sokos EISA bus file
this was on a page headed www.controlled.com/isa.txt
- Creative Labs Tech
Support
- homePCnetwork.com
if your family has more than a couple of
computers running constantly and you want to
connect them together, before you buy any new
hardware or software, consult this site
- The
Ultimate Upgrade Guide -- PC Magazine Online
- 3com modem site
- 3com 56k site
- 3com user support
site
- Betterbox
Communications Limited - phone 01908 560200 PC plug in
cards
- Rotronic
Interconnections Liimited - phone 01293 565556 - PC
plug in cards
- Independent Computer
Repairs ltd - PC plug in cards
- Check the PC
Direct Web Site
- Check prices at Smarttech
- Configure a PC on-line at Dan
technology
- Check Viglen
- Watford
Electronics
- Tech
Direct PC supplier
- Visual
Basic Web Directory links to Websites
containing information about Visual Basic.
- New
Motherboard (FIC) Web Site
- Sierra
modem drivers
- Graphics Card (Protac
Video Excel VC923/926 GD5436)
- Tom's
Hardware Guide an excellent
compendium of news, reviews, and
technical guides pertaining to PC
hardware
- Peter den
Haan's EIDE storage page
- Windows 98 Megasite--CMPNet
- PC
Direct Net Buyer
- 30,000 Internet
resources related to computing
- CNET reviews -
comparative reviews - generation MMX:
CNET reviews 6 PCs with Intel's speedy
new chip
- Pacific Image
Communications, Inc.
- Fujitsu (Poul's
disk drive)
Check out a very popular site run by
some friends of mine at: www.digitalexplosion.co.uk
http://www.3dfxcool.com/
http://www.pcpowercooling.com/home.htm
http://www.heatsinkfactory.com/
http://www.inflowdirect.com/
http://www.coolerguys.com/
http://www.overclockin.com/
http://www.ocworkbench.com/
http://www.overclockers.com/
http://www.hardocp.com/
http://www.overclockershideout.com/
http://www.athlonoc.com/
http://bxboards.com/
BootIt Next
Generation can replace not only Drive Image, but also PartitionMagic and PQBoot (PowerQuest's boot manager). Those three tools
from PowerQuest would occupy something like 160MB of disk space and cost
$140. This fits on a single floppy and costs $35 (July
2003). Its available as a try-before-you-buy item (but
perhaps not a tool for the novice)
- SVP
suppliers of PC consumables and hardware
- www.micromart.co.uk
- product locator now lets you find details and
great deals on just short of 12,000 computer products
- AJP Computers Plc
- Factory Prices
DIrect
- CCL Computer
Components Wholesale
- Paul Milburn's web site
7wx is XML upside down, under construction but a brief
summary of his Web Site support services
- Encee
- IT/CIM consultants, Sage and Autocad training based in
Llanharan, Wales
- NIST 50 page guide
on care and handling of CDs and DVDs for long term storage.
- CDR faq site
- Nero CDR software ahead index page
- CDR
CEQUADRAT WEB site
- Welcome to CD-ROM
Magazine Online!
- Welcome to
Hitachi America, Ltd.
- Installing and
configuring a sound card
- Resolving COM
ports and IRQs
- Installing IDE
Devices
- Download
Hitachi Drivers
- Search Results
- CD ROMs and
sound cards (Sunworks)
- February 1995
archive 2
- http://www.wavetech.com/FTP/APlus-PC/A_PCCR.TXT
- Neutron
Information -- CD-ROM Drives
- http://ecate.itc.it:1024/~zancana/FAQs/cd-rom-faq
- Small Computers
Faq
- Beneath The
Label
- Cyberia
Technical Support
- GI -- Technical
Support (1996 GME)
- MS-WINDOWS 32-BIT
FILE ACCESS FAQ
- win32 stuff
- Aditi's -
Frequently Asked Questions
- Aditi -
Frequently Asked Questions on Windows
- Aditi -
Frequently Asked Questions on Win32
- windows/32bit-file-faq/metafaq
- http://www.insys.de/~pu...ADAPTEC/UTILS/32BIT.TXT
- http://puma.join.ad.jp/...n/32bit-file-access-faq
- Re: 32 bit
windows cdrom access
- Frequently
asked questions
- Maxtor FAQs -IDE
INTERFACE
- Fastest Windows
Ever
- Neutron
Information -- Hard Drives
- EIDE, VLB and
32 bit access
- http://www.gl.umbc.edu/~bryan/FAQs/EIDE.faq
- Really useful
help about WDCTRL problems
- 32 Bit Disk
Access in Windows 3.1x
- Insight/32 BIT
DISK ACCESS
- pc-hardware-faq/enhanced-IDE/part2
- http://www.best.com/~at...s/enhancer/enhancer.txt
Back to Useful Internet Links Page
- Copyright Bob Anderson
- 12 March 2009